Di bawah ialah ensiklopedia awal 80 nama batu permata Alam Melayu yang saya susunkan berdasarkan istilah Melayu lama, manuskrip Melayu, perdagangan Nusantara, istilah Arab-Persia yang telah diserap ke dalam bahasa Melayu, serta padanan gemologi moden.

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ENSIKLOPEDIA BATU PERMATA ALAM MELAYU

Kumpulan A – Empat Permata Utama

Nama Alam Melayu	Nama Gemologi	Mineral	Formula	Mohs
Intan	Diamond	Diamond	C	10
Delima	Ruby	Corundum	Al₂O₃	9
Nilam	Sapphire	Corundum	Al₂O₃	9
Zamrud	Emerald	Beryl	Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈	7.5–8

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Kumpulan B – Batu Kuarza (Quartz Group)

Nama Melayu	Nama Gemologi	Mineral	Mohs
Kecubung	Amethyst	Quartz	7
Cempaka	Citrine	Quartz	7
Kristal Gunung	Rock Crystal	Quartz	7
Kuarza Asap	Smoky Quartz	Quartz	7
Kuarza Mawar	Rose Quartz	Quartz	7
Kuarza Susu	Milky Quartz	Quartz	7
Mata Harimau	Tiger's Eye	Quartz	7
Mata Helang	Hawk's Eye	Quartz	7
Mata Kucing Kuarza	Cat's Eye Quartz	Quartz	7
Aventurin	Aventurine	Quartz	7
Kalsedoni	Chalcedony	Quartz	6.5–7
Akik	Agate	Chalcedony	6.5–7
Oniks	Onyx	Chalcedony	6.5–7
Karnelian	Carnelian	Chalcedony	6.5–7
Sard	Sard	Chalcedony	6.5–7
Sardoniks	Sardonyx	Chalcedony	6.5–7
Krisopras	Chrysoprase	Chalcedony	6.5–7
Heliotrope	Bloodstone	Chalcedony	6.5–7
Jaspis	Jasper	Quartz	6.5–7
Jasper Gambar	Picture Jasper	Quartz	6.5–7

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Kumpulan C – Korundum

Nama Melayu	Gemologi	Mohs
Delima	Ruby	9
Nilam Biru	Blue Sapphire	9
Nilam Kuning	Yellow Sapphire	9
Nilam Putih	White Sapphire	9
Nilam Hijau	Green Sapphire	9
Nilam Jingga	Padparadscha Sapphire	9
Nilam Ungu	Purple Sapphire	9
Nilam Hitam	Black Sapphire	9

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Kumpulan D – Beril (Beryl)

Nama Melayu	Gemologi	Mohs
Zamrud	Emerald	7.5–8
Aquamarine	Aquamarine	7.5–8
Morganit	Morganite	7.5–8
Heliodor	Heliodor	7.5–8
Goshenit	Goshenite	7.5–8
Beryl Merah	Red Beryl	7.5–8

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Kumpulan E – Garnet

Nama Melayu	Gemologi	Mohs
Garnet Merah	Almandine	7.5
Garnet Hijau	Tsavorite	7–7.5
Demantoid	Demantoid	6.5
Pyrope	Pyrope	7
Rhodolite	Rhodolite	7
Spessartine	Spessartine	7
Hessonite	Hessonite	7

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Kumpulan F – Batu Silikat

Nama Melayu	Gemologi	Mohs
Jed Jadeit	Jadeite	6.5–7
Jed Nefrit	Nephrite	6–6.5
Peridot	Peridot	6.5–7
Zirkon	Zircon	7.5
Topaz	Topaz	8
Spinel	Spinel	8
Tanzanit	Tanzanite	6–7
Iolite	Iolite	7–7.5
Andalusit	Andalusite	7.5
Kyanite	Kyanite	4.5–7
Sillimanite	Sillimanite	7
Epidot	Epidote	6–7

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Kumpulan G – Feldspar

Nama Melayu	Gemologi	Mohs
Batu Bulan	Moonstone	6–6.5
Batu Matahari	Sunstone	6–6.5
Labradorit	Labradorite	6–6.5
Amazonit	Amazonite	6–6.5

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Kumpulan H – Organik

Nama Melayu	Gemologi	Mohs
Mutiara	Pearl	2.5–4.5
Marjan	Coral	3–4
Ambar	Amber	2–2.5
Jet	Jet	2.5–4

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Kumpulan I – Batu Hiasan

Nama Melayu	Gemologi	Mohs
Baiduri	Opal	5.5–6.5
Firus	Turquoise	5–6
Lazuardi	Lapis Lazuli	5–5.5
Malakit	Malachite	3.5–4
Azurit	Azurite	3.5–4
Rodonit	Rhodonite	5.5–6.5
Rodokrosit	Rhodochrosite	3.5–4
Serpentin	Serpentine	3–5
Fluorit	Fluorite	4
Apatit	Apatite	5
Hematit	Hematite	5.5–6.5
Obsidian	Obsidian	5–5.5

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Kumpulan J – Batu Fenomena (Phenomenal Gemstones)

Nama Melayu	Gemologi	Fenomena
Mata Kucing	Cat's Eye Chrysoberyl	Chatoyancy
Mata Harimau	Tiger's Eye	Chatoyancy
Bintang Delima	Star Ruby	Asterism
Bintang Nilam	Star Sapphire	Asterism
Opal Api	Fire Opal	Play of Colour
Labradorit	Labradorite	Labradorescence
Batu Bulan	Moonstone	Adularescence
Alexandrite	Alexandrite	Color Change

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Istilah Melayu Klasik Dalam Manuskrip Lama

Dalam manuskrip Melayu klasik seperti Hikayat Hang Tuah, Sulalatus Salatin (Sejarah Melayu), Bustan al-Salatin dan beberapa naskhah perdagangan, terdapat pelbagai istilah lama yang merujuk kepada batu permata:

Istilah Lama	Maksud
Ratna	Batu permata secara umum
Permata	Batu bernilai tinggi
Jauhar	Batu mulia atau permata
Manikam	Permata merah atau batu berharga
Delima	Ruby
Nilam	Sapphire
Zamrud	Emerald
Intan	Diamond
Akik / Akek	Agate
Marjan / Merjan	Coral
Mutiara	Pearl
Kecubung	Amethyst
Firus	Turquoise
Baiduri	Opal atau batu yang memancarkan kilauan
Lazuardi	Lapis Lazuli